国土空间规划引领下的我国自然保护地规划探讨

在国土空间规划改革引领的背景下，探讨自然保护地规划体系、规划路径及难点对我国自然保护地规划理论与方法、规划制度确立和完善具有重要的理论和实践意义。文中论述了国土空间规划与生态文明建设的协同推进，分析了自然保护地体系重构和“三区”划定工作中综合评价、整合、归并的研究难点，厘清了从国土“三调”到生态保护红线划定过程中的三阶段技术关键点，即编码转换和基数转换摸清本底、生态保护优先的评价技术、综合分析与三线划定；提出了我国自然保护地规划体系融入5级3类国土空间规划的路径，即应开展全国、省域自然保护地体系规划并对接融入国土空间总体规划，专项规划分国家级、省级和自然保护地单位3个级别，详细规划应包括控制性规划、设计与施工等；通过上述探讨，明晰我国自然保护地“三区”划定、生态保护红线划定的研究难点，提出自然保护地规划融入国土空间规划路径的设想。     

Apparent digestibility coefficients of animal and plant feed ingredients for juvenile Pseudobagrus ussuriensis

A study was conducted to determine apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), lipid, gross energy, phosphorus and amino acids (AAs) from Peruvian fish meal (PFM), native fish meal (NFM), meat bone meal (MBM), dried daphnia meal (DDM), soybean meal (SBM), full‐fat soybean (FSBM), cottonseed meals (CSM), rapeseed meal (RSM) and corn gluten meal (CGM) for Pseudobagrus ussuriensis (7.8 ± 0.06 g). Test diets were formulated to contain a 70:30 mixture of reference diet to test ingredient with chromic oxide (5 g kg^–1) serving as the inert marker. ADCs of DM ranged from 49.94% (CGM) to 87.11% (PFM), the highest ADCs of DM were observed in PFM and the lowest was found in CGM. ADCs of CP in the test ingredients ranged from 74.92% (CGM) to 93.41% (SBM). ADCs of crude lipid ranged from 51.80% (CGM) to 94.07% (PFM) for fish. ADCs of energy ranged from 56.42% (CGM) to 90.09% (PFM). ADCs of phosphorus ranged from 21.81% (CSM) to 65.70% (PFM). AA availability for the test ingredients followed a similar pattern to ADCs of CP, in which values for PFM, NFM and MBM were generally higher (p < .05) than those of other protein ingredients. Among all plant meals, the AA availability values in SBM were higher (p < .05) than those in CGM, CSM and RSM. The availability of most AAs in CGM was the lowest (p < .05) among all tested ingredients. In conclusion, PFM and NFM are good sources of available protein and AAs. When fishmeal supply is limited, MBM and DDM are substitutes for fishmeal reduction in P. ussuriensis diets; at the same time, SBM and FSBM are also very acceptable protein feedstuffs. However, CSM, RSM and CGM could not be used at high levels in P. ussuriensis diets because of their inferior digestibilities.     

Fabrication of hydrophobic/oleophilic cotton fabric by mussel-inspired chemistry for oil/water separation

A straightforward approach was proposed to modify cotton fabric for oil/water separation based on musselinspired reaction. The poly(DMA-Octadecyl acrylate) was designed to contain key chemical constituents present in mussel adhesive proteins by free radical polymerization of dopamine hydrochloride and octadecyl acrylate, which strongly adsorbed to fabric substrates, providing a special surface for fabric. The chemical structure, surface topography, and surface wettability of the fabric were characterized. The results showed that as-prepared cotton fabric displayed a high CA of >150° when dripped water droplets were on the modified fabric surface, and the oil contact angle (OCA) was close to 0°, it had excellent potential to be used in practical applications and has created a new method of fabric modification for oil/water separation.     

Effects of stocking density on the survival,growth and physical injury of Marsupenaeus japonicus juveniles in a flowing water aquaculture system

Stocking density is a biotic factor affecting the production of cultivated animals in aquaculture. Herein, a rearing trial was conducted to investigate the impact of stocking density on the survival, growth performance and physical injury of Marsupenaeus japonicus juveniles in a flowing water aquaculture system. Five stocking densities were examined in this study, that is, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 individuals/m². Throughout the experiment, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite concentrations ranged from 0.02 ± 0.006 mg/L to 0.08 ± 0.035 mg/L and 0.002 ± 0.001 mg/L to 0.076 ± 0.021 mg/L respectively. The survival rate, specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), absolute growth rate (AGR) and coefficient of variation for weight (CV) across the stocking densities ranged from 90.38 ± 3.20% to 94.33 ± 4.73%, 1.42 ± 0.16%/day to 1.53 ± 0.05%/day, 1.09 ± 0.19 g to 1.15 ± 0.16 g, 0.018 ± 0.003 g/day to 0.019 ± 0.004 g/day and 16.21 ± 5.78% to 35.09 ± 10.68% respectively. Within the investigated densities, the survival rate and the abovementioned growth parameters were not significantly (p > .05) affected by the stocking density, consequently, a higher stocking density resulted in a significantly (p < .05) greater final biomass. The results regarding physical injury showed that the antennal breakage rate displayed a tendency of a positive correlation with the stocking density. Overall, the current study provides basic data for establishing a viable intensive farming system for M. japonicus and a promising indicator for easily assessing the crowding stress status of M. japonicus.     

基于SD变化环境下农业水资源供需平衡模拟

为了探讨变化环境对农业水资源供需平衡的影响,运用系统动力学软件Vensim-Dss建立了农业水资源供需平衡的系统动力学模型,综合考虑社会经济发展和气候变化情景,仿真模拟了变化环境下农业供、需水量及缺水量的变化情况.石羊河流域模拟结果表明:未来农业供水量和需水量受气候变化的影响程度不同,但 2033年以后,农业供水量在不同气候变化情景下的变化趋势相同;不同行政区农业水资源系统对气候变化的响应存在明显差异,金昌市A2气候情境缺水率大于B2情景,在2029年、2038年缺水率分别达到32.0%,28.6%, B2情境下,2021年开始出现轻度缺水,中度缺水年仅出现在2023年和2039年,缺水率分别为30.7%,30.5%;武威市A2气候情境下缺水率小于B2情景,仅2038年为中度缺水,缺水率为24.9%,B2气候情景中度缺水年较多,2023年缺水率最大,达到33.2%.研究结果可以对变化环境下区域用水规划和农业发展规划提供指导.     

Molecular Characterization of the Von Willebrand Factor Type D Domain of Vitellogenin from Takifugu flavidus

The von Willebrand factor type D (VWD) domain in vitellogenin has recently been found to bind tetrodotoxin. The way in which this protein domain associates with tetrodotoxin and participates in transporting tetrodotoxin in vivo remains unclear. A cDNA fragment of the vitellogenin gene containing the VWD domain from pufferfish (Takifugu flavidus) (TfVWD) was cloned. Using in silico structural and docking analyses of the predicted protein, we determined that key amino acids (namely, Val¹¹⁵, ASP¹¹⁶, Val¹¹⁷, and Lys¹²²) in TfVWD mediate its binding to tetrodotoxin, which was supported by in vitro surface plasmon resonance analysis. Moreover, incubating recombinant rTfVWD together with tetrodotoxin attenuated its toxicity in vivo, further supporting protein–toxin binding and indicating associated toxicity-neutralizing effects. Finally, the expression profiling of TfVWD across different tissues and developmental stages indicated that its distribution patterns mirrored those of tetrodotoxin, suggesting that TfVWD may be involved in tetrodotoxin transport in pufferfish. For the first time, this study reveals the amino acids that mediate the binding of TfVWD to tetrodotoxin and provides a basis for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying the enrichment and transfer of tetrodotoxin in pufferfish.     

黄金枸骨叶片复绿期叶绿素代谢的调控特征

为了探究黄金枸骨叶片变色期叶绿素代谢调控特征和叶片复绿期叶绿素合成中间产物的含量及关键酶活性.采用人工遮荫的方法,使黄金枸骨叶色由黄转绿,动态监测叶绿素的质量摩尔浓度、叶绿素合成前体物质的质量摩尔浓度、叶绿素合成酶活性和叶绿素降解酶活性的变化情况,分析叶片变绿过程中叶绿素生物合成代谢途径的特征.结果表明:叶片变色过程中叶绿素的质量摩尔浓度显著上升(P<0.05);δ-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)和胆色素原(PBG)的质量摩尔浓度显著下降(P<0.05),其后合成途径的中间产物尿卟啉原Ⅲ(UrogenⅢ)、粪卟啉原Ⅲ(CoprogenⅢ)、原卟啉IX(ProtoⅨ)、Mg-原卟啉Ⅸ(Mg-ProtoⅨ)、原叶绿素酸酯(Pchlide)的质量摩尔浓度显著增加(P<0.05);叶绿素合成相关酶,δ-氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶活性显著下降(P<0.05),尿卟啉原Ⅲ合酶活性显著上升(P<0.05);叶绿素降解酶脱镁鳌合酶和叶绿素酶的活性显著下降(P<0.05).因此,黄金构骨叶色由黄变绿期间,叶绿素合成酶活性升高,叶绿素前体物质的质量摩尔浓度显著增加,叶绿素的积累起始于尿卟啉原Ⅲ的增加,起始时间为遮荫后6～15 d,同时叶绿素降解酶活性下降,促进了叶绿素的积累,叶绿素的质量摩尔浓度升高,叶片由黄转绿.     

中国竹产业在乡村振兴中的发展对策

中国竹资源丰富，竹业是山区农民的重要经济来源。随着科技的进步，中国竹产业发展取得了很大进步，但在乡村地区竹产业的优势和潜力尚未充分发挥。当前，中国“三农”工作的重心已转向全面推进乡村振兴，竹资源丰富地区也成为乡村振兴的主要战场，竹产业在乡村振兴中大有可为。文章分析了中国竹产业发展现状以及乡村地区竹产业发展存在的问题，提出了竹产业服务于乡村振兴的对策。     

基于"3S"技术的阿坝县退牧还草工程效益监测

应用“3S”技术(GIS、RS、GPS)为主要手段,辅以地面路线调查,通过建立遥感与地面数据的数学模型反演地面信息而进行了阿坝县退牧还草工程的遥感监测,并对工程实施情况、工程建设效益进行了评价。为进一步开展草原资源与生态动态监测和草原生态建设工程效益评价与监测等工作提供了技术模式。